1978Ä꣬¡¶Êµ¼ùÊǼìÑéÕæÀíµÄΨһ±ê×¼¡·Ò»ÎÄÒý·¢ÁËÒ»³¡ºäºäÁÒÁÒµÄÕæÀí±ê×¼´óÌÖÂÛ£¬´Ó»ù´¡ÀíÂÛÉÏ·ñ¶¨ÁË¡°Á½¸öͨ³£¡±¡£ËæºóÔÚʮһ½ìÈýÖÐÈ«»áÉÏ£¬µËСƽÐû²¼ÁË¡¶½â·Å˼Ï룬ʵÊÂÇóÊÇ£¬ÍŽáÒ»ÖÂÏòǰ¿´¡·µÄÖØÒª½²»°¡£½ñºó£¬Öйú¿ªÊ¼½â·Å˼Ï룬¿ªÊ¼¸ïпª·Å£¬¿ªÊ¼Ãñ¸»¹úÇ¿¡£
½â·Å˼Ï룬һֱÒÔÀ´¾ÍÊǵ³ºÍ¹ú¼Ò¸ïÐÂͼǿµÄÖÆÊ¤·¨±¦¡£¼ÈÐë½â·Å˼Ï룬һ¶¨ÊÇÄ¿½ñµÄ˼ÏëÉíÏÝàòàô£¬µ½Á˱ØÐë½â¿ªèäèô¡¢·Å·É˼ÏëµÄ¾³µØ¡£Ï°½üƽ×ÜÊé¼ÇÔÚÉîÈëÍÆ½ø¶«±±ÕñÐË×ù̸»áÉÏÇ¿µ÷¶«±±¡°È«ÃæÕñÐË¡¢È«·½Î»ÕñÐË¡±µÄÄ¿±êÈÎÎñ£¬ËµÃ÷¶«±±ÒѾµ½ÁË¡°È«ÃæÂäºó¡¢È«·½Î»Âäºó¡±µÄΣ¼±Ö®¼Ê¡£ÔÚÈ«¹ú¹úÆó¸ïÐÂ×ù̸»áÉÏ£¬Áõº×¸±×ÜÀíÇ¿µ÷¡°´ÓÕ½ÂԸ߶ÈÈÏʶÐÂʱ´úÉ¹úÓÐÆóÒµ¸ïеÄÖÐÐÄְλ¡±£¬²¢Ìá³ö¡°ÉËÆäʮָ²»Èç¶ÏÆäÒ»Ö¸¡±µÄ˼·£¬ËµÃ÷µ³ÖÐÑë¸ß¶ÈÖØÊÓ¹úÆó¸ïУ¬²¢ÒªÇó¹úÆó±ØÐëÓÐ׳ʿ¶ÏÍóµÄÆÇÁ¦¡£ÒÔUG»·Çò¹ÙÍø¼¯ÍÅΪ´ú±íµÄ¶«±±ÀϹ¤Òµ»ùµØ¹úÆó£¬ÒѾµ½ÁË¡°²»Éî¸Ä±ã³ÉÈÊ¡±µÄÐüѱßÉÏ¡£
ÒªÈ«ÃæÉ¸ïУ¬±ØÐë½â·Å˼Ï룬ʵÊÂÇóÊÇ£¬½â¾öÆóÒµÉú³¤µÄÖ÷Ҫì¶Ü¡£Õâ¸öÖ÷Ҫì¶Ü£¬¾ÍÊǼƻ®¾¼ÃµÄ¹ßÓÐ˼άºÍ·¾¶ÒÀÀµ²»ÊÊÓ¦¡¢²»ÈÏͬÊг¡»¯¶ø´øÀ´µÄÑϾþÌôÕ½¡£ÓÉÓÚÉÌÆ·¼äµÄ¿ÉÌæ´úÐÔÔ½À´Ô½´ó£¬¿Í»§µÄÑ¡ÔñÓàµØÔ½À´Ô½´ó£¬ÆóÒµ¾ºÕùÌ¬ÊÆÔ½À´Ô½ÑϾþ¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÒÔÊг¡ºÍ¿Í»§Îªµ¼Ïò£¬ÒѳÉΪÆóÒµÉú³¤ºÍÖ÷Ðж¯ÎªµÄŬÁ¦Æ«Ïò¡£¶ÔÍâ±ØÐë·ÅµÍ×Ë̬£¬ÒÔÂú×ã¿Í»§ÐèÇóΪΨһĿ±ê£»¶ÔÄÚ±ØÐëÒýÈëÊг¡¾¼Ã»úÖÆ£¬ÒÔ¡°¶àÀͶàµÃ¡¢ÉÙÀÍÉٵᢲ»ÀͲ»µÃ¡±µÄ·ÖÅÉÔÔòÒý·¢È«ÌåÔ±¹¤Ö÷¹ÛÄܶ¯ÐÔ¡£Ò»Ö§Óм¤Çé¡¢ÓÐËØÖÊ¡¢ÓÐÔðÈεÄÔ±¹¤²½¶Ó£¬²ÅÊÇÆóÒµ¿ÉÁ¬ÐøÉú³¤µÄ½¹µã°ü¹Ü¡£
ÒªÈ«ÃæÉ¸ïУ¬±ØÐë½â·Å˼Ï룬ʵÊÂÇóÊÇ£¬½â¾öÆóÒµÉú³¤µÄ±¾Ç®ÎÊÌ⡣Ŀ½ñ£¬ÆóÒµµÄÖÎÀí±¾Ç®¾Ó¸ß²»Ï¡£Ò»·½Ã棬ÖÎÀíÀË·ÑÏÖÏóÓú·¢ÑÏÖØ£¬Ð¡°Ëĸö·²Ê¡±³£Ì¬»¯Ôì³É´ó×ÚÖÎÀíÀË·Ñ£º·²ÊÂÓÐÕ²»Ñ£¬·²ÊÂÒªÈËÂôÁ¦£¬·²ÊÂÓоÝÄѲ飬·²ÊÂÒªÈ˼ල¡£ÁíÒ»·½Ã棬¡°±Þ´ò¿ìÅ£¡±ÏÖÏóÓú·¢Í»³ö£¬ÐëÖª×ÔÉ϶øÏµġ°ÄÜÕß¶àÀÍ¡±ºÍ×Ô϶øÉϵġ°¾´Òµ¹±Ïס±ÍêÈ«ÊÇÁ½¸ö¿´·¨¡£»ªÎª¹«Ë¾ÔÚ¡¶»ªÎª»ù±¾·¨¡·ÖÐÃ÷È·£º¡°ÎÒÃǾö²»ÈÃÀ×·æ¿÷Ë𣬹±Ï×Õß¶¨µ±»ñµÃºÏÀíµÄ»Ø±¨¡£¡±ÃÀ¹úͨÓÃµçÆøÇ°¶Ê³¤½Ü¿Ë¡¤Î¤¶ûÆæËµ¹ý£¬Ô±¹¤ÈËΪ×î¸ßµÄʱºò£¬ÆóÒµ±¾Ç®×îµÍ¡£ÀûÓÃÔ±¹¤Ö®¡°Ë½¡±£¬³É¼¨ÆóÒµÖ®¡°¹«¡±£¬Ê¹Ô±¹¤ÓëÆóÒµÉúËÀÓë¹²£¬²ÅÊÇÌáÉýÔ±¹¤¼ÌÐø¡¢½µµÍÆóÒµ±¾Ç®µÄ»ù´¡Ö®µÀ¡£
ÒªÈ«ÃæÉ¸ïУ¬±ØÐë½â·Å˼Ï룬ʵÊÂÇóÊÇ£¬½â¾öÆóÒµÁ¢ÒìÄÜÁ¦È±·¦ÎÊÌâ¡£µ³ÖÐÑë¸ß¶ÈÖØÊÓÁ¢Ò죬ϰ½üƽ×ÜÊé¼ÇÖ¸³ö£¬¿Æ¼¼Êǹú¼Òǿʢ֮»ù£¬Á¢ÒìÊÇÃñ×å½ø²½Ö®»ê¡£¿ÉÊÇ£¬ÔÚÄ¿½ñ¶à¡¢¿ì¡¢Ôê¡¢³´µÄÐÅÏ¢»¯Éç»á£¬¹úÆóÃæÁÙ×ÅÉúËÀØü¹ØµÄÁ¢ÒìΣ»ú¡£ÃÀ¹ú¾¼Ãѧ¼Ò¿ËÀï˹̹ÉÖ¸³ö£¬Ðí¶àÔø±¸Êܾ´ÖغÍЧ·ÂµÄÐÐÒµÇ̳þ£¬×îÖÕÈ´ÔÚÊг¡ºÍ¼¼Êõ±¬·¢ÆÆ»µÐÔ±ä¸ïʱһõê²»Õñ£¬¶øµ¼ÖÂÕâЩÆóҵ˥°ÜµÄ¾ö²ß£¬¶¼ÊÇÔÚÆäÈçÈÕÖÐÌìʱ×ö³öµÄ¡£¼ÓÖÝ´óѧÖÕÉí½ÌÊÚףЧ¹úµÄTOEÀíÂÛ£¨TOE£ºTechnology£¬Organization£¬Environment£©µã³ö¹úÆóÔÚÁ¢ÒìÉú³¤·½ÃæµÄÈý¸ö½¹µãÎÊÌ⣺һÊÇȱ·¦½¹µã¼¼Êõ£¬¶þÊÇȱ·¦Á¢Òì»úÖÆ£¬ÈýÊÇÖ»¼ûÊ÷ľ¡¢²»¼ûÉÁÖ¡£Òò´Ë£¬Óëʱ¾ã½øµØÔöÇ¿ÆóÒµµÄÁ¢ÒìÄÜÁ¦£¬ÊÇÆóÒµ×ßÏòÔÙÆð¡¢ÖØ»ØÒ»Á÷µÄ±ØÓÉ֮·¡£
ÒªÈ«ÃæÉ¸ïУ¬±ØÐë½â·Å˼Ï룬ʵÊÂÇóÊÇ£¬½â¾öÆóÒµÎÄ»¯ÎÊÌâ¡£ÆóÒµÎÄ»¯ÊÇÆóÒµÖÆ¶ÈÐγÉÐÐΪϰ¹ßºó¾¹ýÌáÁ¶×ܽáºÍÉý»ªºóµÄÀíÄîÌåϵ¡£ÃüÁîʽ¡¢¹áעʽ¡¢Ô˶¯Ê½µÄÐû´«£¨Propaganda£©ÊǹúÆóµÄͨ²¡£¬µ¼ÖÂÆóÒµÎÄ»¯¡°ËµÆðÀ´ºÜºÃ¡¢×öÆðÀ´ºÜÄÑ¡¢¿´ÆðÀ´ºÜÃÀ¡¢Êµ¼ÊÉϺÜÐ顱£¬Ôì³ÉÆóÒµÎÄ»¯ÔÚÌìÉÏ·É¡¢ÆóÒµÔ±¹¤ÔÚµØÉÏÅܵÄÏÖÏó¡£UG»·Çò¹ÙÍø¼¯ÍÅÊ״ε³´ú»áÌá³öÁË¡°12348¡±µÄÉú³¤Õ½ÂÔ£¬Ìá³ö½¨Éè¾ßÓÐÈ«Çò¾ºÕùÁ¦µÄÊÀ½çÒ»Á÷×°±¸ÖÆÔìÆóÒµ£¬´ß´ÙÎÒÃÇÕýÈ·´¦ÀíÓë¿Í»§¡¢¹É¶«¡¢Õþ¸®¡¢Ô±¹¤µÈÖØÒªÀûÒæÏà¹Ø·½µÄ¹ØÏµ£¬¼´¡°¹«¹²¹ØÏµ¡±£¨¡°PR¡±£ºPublic Relations£©£¬Ö¸×éÖ¯»ú¹¹ÓëÃñÖÚÇé¿öÖ®¼äµÄÏàͬÓëÁ÷´«¹ØÏµ¡£ÕâÒ²ÊÇʹÆóÒµÎÄ»¯Äܹ»ÕýÈ·Ö¸µ¼ÆóÒµ´¦Àí¹«¹²¹ØÏµ×îΪÎñʵ¹ÜÓõķ½·¨¡£
ÔÚÓɹŰåÖÆÔìÒµÏòÖÆÔìЧÀÍҵתÐÍÉý¼¶È·µ±Ï£¬½â·Å˼ÏëÒѾÆÈÔÚü½Þ¡£½â·Å˼Ï룬ÆóÒµ±ØÐë´ÓÄÚ²¿Ö÷¶¯³ö»÷£¬²»¿É±»¶¯ÆÚ´ýÍⲿÆÛѹ¡£ÐëÖª£¬µ°´ÓÍâ²¿Í»ÆÆÁ÷³öÀ´µÄÊǼ嵰£¬´ÓÄÚ²¿Í»ÆÆ·É³öÀ´µÄÊÇ·ï»Ë¡£Î¨Óнâ·Å˼Ï룬ʵÊÂÇóÊÇ£¬ÓÃʵ¼ù½â¾öÆóÒµÉú³¤µÄÈ«·½Î»ÎÊÌ⣬ʹ¸ïеִÌìÈ˺ÏÒ»¡±Ö®¾³£¬ÆóÒµ·½ÄÜ·ï»ËÄùÅÍ£¬Ô¡»ðÖØÉú¡££¨ÆÀÂÛÔ±£º¹ùÅô·É£©